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Which is better, sound column or speaker? The difference between sound column and speaker


The sound column is formed by arranging and combining multiple speakers and connecting them in the same phase. The directional characteristics of the sound column are similar to those of a single speaker in the horizontal direction, but are greatly improved in the vertical direction. It propagates in the horizontal direction with a wave type, but in the vertical direction, there is a strong pointing characteristic, forming a "plate"-like three-dimensional radiation effect.

The sound column is installed near the stage entrance, and the "sound plate" is pointed at the audience. The sound beam radiates to the back row of the audience hall with strong sound energy. The front row weakens each other due to the phase difference caused by the different vertical distances of the speakers, which may be lower than the sound pressure of a single speaker here, thus making the direct sound distribution of the sound field tend to be uniform. The horizontal direction of the sound column should not be "bunched", there should be a larger horizontal radiation angle, so that the sound field can be more uniform in the left and right directions.

The sound column type speaker usually refers to 4 to 10 cone speakers arranged in a straight line. The characteristic is that when transmitting the sound in the horizontal direction, the radiation angle of the speaker is the same as the radiation angle of a speaker, while when transmitting the sound in the vertical direction, the radiation angle of the speaker increases with the combination of the speaker, especially in the high frequency sound, the sound beam can be transmitted in a certain direction.

The sound column type speaker vertical control sound effect is quite effective. In an environment where reverberation is more serious, the sound column speaker can effectively concentrate the sound to the listener, reducing the occurrence of rebound after being transmitted to the wall.

The characteristic of the sound column is that it has a strong pointing characteristic in the vertical direction. The longer the sound column is, the narrower the sound beam is, the more concentrated the energy is, and the stronger the directivity is. When the length of the sound column is fixed, the higher the frequency, the narrower the sound beam and the stronger the directivity.

The sound column can form a variety of specifications according to different structures. The smaller the area of the "sound disc", the stronger the bunching effect, the sharper the directivity, and the sensitivity on the axis is much higher than that of a single speaker. The sound axis efficiency of the sound column on the main axis is higher than that of a single speaker. Generally speaking, the greater the number of speakers that make up the sound column, the higher the sensitivity on the main axis and the farther the distance of sound radiation.

Reasonable control of the suspension height and depression angle of the sound column can make the sound field more uniform and clear. Because the total fixed power of the sound column is several times that of a single speaker, and because of the focusing effect of the sound axis direction, the sensitivity is doubled, which is more effective for long-distance sound reinforcement.

The low-frequency radiation efficiency of the sound column is greatly improved compared with a single speaker, thereby increasing the low-frequency response and enriching the tone. Using the directional characteristics of the sound column, the microphone is placed outside the main sound beam (I. e., the upper and lower directions of the sound column are the lightest), and the sound pressure is the weakest position, which can improve the howling phenomenon and improve the sound transmission gain. In places with long reverberation time, the use of sound columns can greatly improve the clarity of the sound.

The directivity of the sound column is weakened with the decrease of frequency. That is, the directivity at low frequencies is poor. Therefore, the vertical directivity of the sound column should be improved, that is, the directivity at high frequency should be weakened, and the directivity at low frequency should be increased.

Usually, the sound column can be divided into high and low frequency bands, connected to the crossover network, so that the long sound column emits low frequency sound, and the short sound column emits high frequency sound to improve its frequency response. Or the use of some important venues commonly used methods, in the frequency band above 1KHz with a high-frequency horn speaker to separate the sound, in order to improve the high-frequency directivity and high-frequency tone.

Using the principle of acoustic filter, the sound column panel is covered with a layer of sound-absorbing material (such as ultra-fine glass wool) with gradually changing thickness. Using its characteristics of large sound absorption for medium and high frequencies, and the larger the thickness, the better the sound absorption effect, the sound column is thickened at both ends and thinner in the middle. The effective length of the sound column thus formed is related to the frequency and becomes shorter as the frequency increases, thus improving the frequency response of the sound column.

The shape of the sound column is changed into a concave curved shape or a convex curved shape to make the high-frequency main sound beam spread out. The smaller the radius of curvature of the shape, the larger the spread angle. Usually, the radius of curvature R = 2L is taken. This method of changing the geometric shape of the sound column is the simplest and more is used.

Unfortunately, however, the bass frequencies do not move in a straight line like the treble frequencies, but spread out over a wide angle. In the space where the reverberation environment is serious, the wide spread angle of the bass frequency may cause the sound to interfere with each other, and the sound clarity is poor. When the microphone and the speaker are co-located in the same room, feedback howling may also occur.

In addition to the vertical directivity of the sound column, there are some defects that need to be improved by the above methods, and the horizontal directivity also exists.

These problems can be solved with the help of a tone controller or an equalizer. To reduce the volume of bass frequencies, to help speech sound clear, but for music reproduction has a negative impact.

The installation angle of each speaker on a single speaker can also be based on the principle of sound wave diffraction, and the speaker hole on the sound column box panel can be opened into a rectangular slit to improve the horizontal direction of the high frequency band.

As mentioned above, the sound column is still widely used in many occasions as an important speaker device.

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