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What are the reasons for the microphone to howl? And how to solve the howling, I'll teach you how to handle it!


Microphone howling, scientific name is positive feedback self-excitation of sound reinforcement system: when the microphone is in the range covered by the sound box or the microphone can receive the sound from the sound box, positive feedback has a basis for existence. when we talk to the microphone and the sound amplified by the sound reinforcement system is received by the microphone again, cyclic amplification occurs. during this cyclic amplification process, if some of the sound components have the same frequency and phase, the sound energy of these frequencies will be enhanced, which is positive feedback.

  the principle of howling:

Generally speaking, positive feedback exists in most applications. However, since the content of the speech received by the microphone is constantly changing, the enhanced energy of positive feedback cannot reach the level of breaking through the self-excitation critical point, so the microphone does not howl as long as it is in the sound box coverage area.

  Why does the microphone sometimes howl?There are two factors in this:

The first factor is that the gain of the sound reinforcement system to the microphone is too high, that is, the microphone is too large. In this case, because the system amplifies the microphone too strongly, the energy of the microphone signal itself is too strong. At this time, as long as there is a little positive feedback signal energy superposition, it is easy to reach the self-excitation critical point, and the microphone starts to call.

The second factor is related to the frequency response characteristics of the system. If the frequency response characteristics of a system itself are not very flat and there are protruding peaks in some frequency bands, then the energy of these frequency bands is stronger than that of other frequency bands. When the positive feedback phenomenon exists, these frequency band signals with relatively strong energy will be continuously superimposed and become more and more powerful. Finally, when they are strong enough to break through the self-excitation critical point, the microphone will howl.

Three necessary conditions for microphone howling: the microphone can receive the sound from the speaker, the gain of the system to the microphone is too high, the frequency response characteristic of the system is not flat, and there are prominent peaks: these three conditions, as long as any one of them is destroyed, the possibility of microphone howling is greatly reduced.

  Three common methods to suppress howling:

1. Adopt a feedback suppressor

The feedback suppressor is an equalizer with a positive feedback detection circuit. When the anti-collapse suppressor detects that positive feedback occurs in some frequency bands, its detection circuit tells the equalization circuit to attenuate the energy level of these frequency bands to reduce the energy level, which will not reach the level of breaking through the critical point, and the microphone will not be able to call up.

2. Use frequency shifter

Frequency shifter, as its name implies, is a device that can make the frequency drift. For example, if you emit an A tone with a frequency of 440Hz, the output signal frequency after passing through the frequency shifter may become 445Hz. Then the 445Hz signal is sent from the speaker, because the frequency is different, it cannot be superimposed with the original 440Hz signal. Even if the 445Hz feedback number enters the microphone again and comes out through the frequency shifter, it will become 450Hz, which cannot be superimposed with the 445Hz signal. Therefore, even if these signals have the same phase but different frequencies, the condition of positive feedback is destroyed and the howling of the microphone is suppressed.

3. Use the Equalizer

This is the most commonly used method of suppressing microphone howling. In fact, using an equalizer to control howling is the same as the working principle of the feedback suppressor, except that the positive feedback detection circuit on the electrical surface of the feedback suppressor is replaced by the operator's ear and brain. When the microphone howling occurs, the operator relies on his own hearing or spectrum measurement tools to find the frequency points that produce howling, and then attenuates the corresponding frequency on the equalizer to suppress the occurrence of howling.

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